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Cipro
Generic Name: Ciprofloxacin
Brand Name: Cipro
Indications
Cipro is indicated to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cipro tablets and Cipro Oral Suspension and other antibacterial drugs, Cipro Tablets and Cipro Oral Suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
Dosage and Administration
Cipro is available for oral administration as 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg tablets. Ciprofloxacin Oral Suspension is available in 5% (5 g ciprofloxacin in 100 ml) and 10% (10 g ciprofloxacin in 100 ml) strengths.
Normal dosage:
ADULTS
Urinary Tract Infections: The usual adult dosage is 250 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Complicated infections, as determined by your doctor, may require 500 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Treatment usually lasts 7 to 14 days.
For cystitis in women, the dosage is either 100 milligrams or 250 milligrams every 12 hours. Treatment usually lasts 3 days.
Lower Respiratory Tract, Skin, Bone, and Joint Infections: The usual recommended dosage is 500 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Complicated infections, as determined by your doctor, may require a dosage of 750 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Treatment usually lasts 7 to 14 days, except for bone and joint infections, which require 4 to 6 weeks.
Infectious Diarrhea; Typhoid Fever; Sinus, Prostate, and Abdominal Infections: The recommended dosage is 500 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Treatment lasts 5 to 7 days for diarrhea, 10 days for typhoid fever and sinus infections, 7 to 14 days for abdominal infections, and 28 days for prostate infections.
Inhalational Anthrax: For adults, the recommended dosage is 500 milligrams taken every 12 hours. Children's doses are calculated at a rate of 15 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight up to a maximum of 500 milligrams per dose. Treatment continues for 60 days.
Gonorrhea in the Urethra or Cervix: For these sexually transmitted diseases, a single 250-milligram dose is the usual treatment.
Ear Infection: Instill 3 drops of suspension into the ear twice a day for 7 days.
CHILDREN
Except for treatment of inhalational anthrax, safety and effectiveness of Cipro oral tablets and suspension have not been established in children and adolescents under 18 years of age.
The dosage of Cipro HC Otic suspension for children aged 1 and up is the same as for adults.
If you are using the oral suspension, 1 teaspoonful of 5% suspension equals 250 milligrams and 1 teaspoonful of 10% suspension equals 500 milligrams.
If you have kidney problems, your doctor will decrease your dose of Cipro accordingly.
Treatment should usually be continued for 2 days after the signs and symptoms of the infection have disappeared.
The determination of dosage for any particular patient must take into consideration the severity and nature of the infection, the susceptibility of the causative organism, the integrity of the patient's host-defense mechanisms, and the status of renal function and hepatic function.
The duration of treatment depends upon the severity of infection. The usual duration is 7 to 14 days; however, for severe and complicated infections more prolonged therapy may be required.
Overdose: Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
Drug Description
Cipro (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets and Cipro (ciprofloxacin) Oral Suspension are synthetic broad spectrum antimicrobial agents for oral administration. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, USP, a fluoroquinolone, is the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 385.8. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3•HCl•H2O and its chemical structure is as follows:
Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its molecular weight is 331.4. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance and its chemical structure is as follows:
Side Effects
Stop using Cipro and get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using Cipro and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
- seizure (black-out or convulsions);
- confusion, hallucinations, depression, or thoughts of hurting yourself or others;
- sudden pain or swelling near your joints (especially in your arm or ankle);
- nausea, stomach pain, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
- diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
- urinating more or less than usual;
- numbness, tingling, or unusual pain anywhere in your body; or
- chest pain, pounding or fast heartbeats.
Other less serious side effects are more likely to occur, such as:
- nausea, vomiting;
- dizziness or drowsiness;
- blurred vision;
- sleep problems (insomnia);
- joint stiffness or muscle pain; or
- increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight.
Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.
Precautions
- Certain medicines should be taken at least 2 hours after or 6 hours before you take Cipro. This includes didanosine (Videx) chewable/buffered tablets or powder; sucralfate (Carafate); antacids that contain calcium, magnesium or aluminum (such as Tums or Rolaids); or vitamin or mineral supplements that contain calcium, iron, or zinc.
- Avoid caffeine while you are taking Cipro, because the medication can make the effects of caffeine stronger.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, sunlamps, or tanning beds. Cipro make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, and a sunburn may result. Wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen if you must be out in the sun. Call your doctor if you have severe burning, redness, itching, rash, or swelling after being in the sun.
- Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.
- Cipro can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert
Drug Interactions
Do not use Cipro if you are also taking tizanidine (Zanaflex).
Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:
- didanosine (Videx, ddI);
- theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair, Slo-Phyllin, Slo-Bid, Elixophyllin);
- warfarin (Coumadin);
- probenecid (Benemid);
- insulin or an oral diabetes medication such as glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta, Glynase), and others;
- a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, others), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox), ketoprofen (Orudis KT, Orudis, Oruvail), and others;
- phenytoin (Dilantin); or
- cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune).
There may be other drugs not listed that can affect this medication. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
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